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Colour
Colour is the measure of the absence of colour, ranging from scale D - Z
The GIA universaliSed colour grading system D - Z, measures the degree of colourlessness by comparing a stone under controlled lighting and precise viewing conditions to a set of master stones.
Some colour distinctions are subtle and invisible to the untrained eye, yet these distinctions can make a very big difference in diamond quality and price.
Cut
Diamond cut is how it unleashes light.
Diamonds are renowned for their ability to sparkle. For most, diamond cut refers to its shape (round, cushion, pear, oval, princess) but a diamond’s cut grade is equally important, as it determines how well particular diamond facets interact with light.
A diamond’s cut is vital to a stones final beauty and furthered character. Of all the 4C’s, it’s the most complex and technically difficult to analyse. Expert diamond graders rate between a stone’s brightness (ability to reflect light), fire (scattering of white light into the colours of the rainbow) and scintillation (amount of sparkle) to plot the overall cut grade. Cut grade ranges from excellent to very good to fair to poor.
Clarity
Diamond Clarity refers to the absence of internal inclusions and external blemishes
Evaluating diamond clarity involves determining the number, size, relief, nature, and position of these characteristics and they affect the overall appearance of the stone. While no diamond is perfectly pure, the closer it comes, the higher the value.
To the naked eye, a VS1 and SI2 may look exactly the same, but these diamonds are quite different in terms of overall quality and value. This is why expert and accurate assessment of diamond clarity is extremely important.
Carat
The diamond carat weight measures a diamond’s obvious size
The diamond cut has the ability to influence a diamond perceived size. In the past, diamond polishers would polish a stone to yield maximum weight while neglecting the perfect proportions needed for maximum display of light.
With modern diamond, cutting practices, most modern diamond shapes are precisely calculated. We, therefore, accept diamond carat weight as an indication of its obvious size. Certain shapes of equivalent carat weight may appear larger than others due to its polishing style.
The modern carat system started with the carob seed. Early gem traders used the small, uniform seeds as counterweights in their balance scales. The carat is the same 0.2 gram weight in every corner of the world.
Certificate
A Diamond certificate is an indisputable verification of its quality
Character
When purchasing a diamond, the final decision can never be made with the mind, but with the heart. With no two diamonds alike, diamond character (The Fifth C) is the measure of the overall symphony within a diamond that speaks most loudly to the eye of the beholder.
A Diamond with true character will always speak loudest to your heart.